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In a database, variables typically refer to the columns or fields within a table that hold specific types of data. These variables are used to store and manage information related to the entities being represented in the database. Each variable has a defined data type, such as text, numeric, date, or boolean, and is associated with a particular attribute of the entity it represents. For example, in a database table for customer information, variables might include "name," "email," "phone number," and "address." These variables allow for organized storage, retrieval, and manipulation of data within the database.